Final answer:
The pathophysiology of posterior lenticonus involves the protrusion of the posterior lens capsule into the vitreous cavity, leading to cataract formation and affecting vision due to myopia and irregular astigmatism.
Step-by-step explanation:
The pathophysiology of posterior lenticonus involves a bulging or protrusion of the posterior part of the lens capsule and cortical material into the vitreous cavity of the eye. This condition often leads to lens opacification and can result in a form of cataract. The posterior lenticonus is associated with a thinner and weaker posterior lens capsule, which is less resistant to normal intraocular pressure, thereby causing the posterior lens to bulge. The structural weakness in the capsule enables the gel-like vitreous body to push the flexible lens inward, resulting in the lens taking on a cone-like shape. The distortion of the lens can affect vision by altering the refractive state, leading to myopia and irregular astigmatism. This condition is typically congenital but can be acquired and is crucial in pediatric ophthalmology due to its potential effect on visual development