Final answer:
After a positive Mantoux TB test, chest radiographs are usually performed to check for signs of a Ghon complex to confirm TB exposure. The specificity of the Mantoux test can be affected by prior BCG vaccination, necessitating further diagnostic procedures for active TB confirmation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Following a positive Mantoux TB test, further evaluation is typically needed to differentiate between latent infection and active tuberculosis disease. Chest radiographs are recommended to identify any evidence of a Ghon complex, which is indicative of prior TB infection. It is crucial to note that a positive Mantoux test does not confirm active TB by itself due to possible cross-reactivity with the BCG vaccine, which can lead to false-positive results, especially in countries where the vaccine is widely administered. Therefore, the Mantoux test's specificity may be compromised in regions where the BCG vaccine is used, requiring additional diagnostic methods such as sputum culture and molecular testing to confirm active TB.