Final answer:
A corpus luteum cyst can occur due to a failure of ovulation, persistence of a follicular cyst, blood-filled cyst, or a benign neoplasm.
Step-by-step explanation:
The pathogenesis of a corpus luteum cyst can occur due to a failure of ovulation. If an egg is not released, the follicle can become a cyst that fills with fluid, forming a blood-filled cyst. This type of cyst is usually benign and can result from the persistence of a follicular cyst. The corpus luteum can also develop into a cyst if it becomes enlarged, resulting in a benign neoplasm.