Final answer:
A person with an obstructive pulmonary disease like emphysema would most likely have a decreased FVC and FEV. So, Option e) Answers a and b are correct is answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
Persons with obstructive pulmonary diseases, such as emphysema, typically exhibit a decreased Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV). FVC represents the total amount of air a person can forcefully exhale after a deep inhalation, while FEV measures the amount of air expelled in the first second of the FVC test. In obstructive diseases, the airways become narrowed, making it difficult for individuals to expel air efficiently. Consequently, both FVC and FEV are reduced.
FVC can be calculated as the sum of Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1) and Forced Expiratory Volume in the second second (FEV2). Mathematically, FVC = FEV1 + FEV2. In obstructive diseases, especially emphysema, the airways' obstruction hinders the quick release of air, resulting in a decreased FEV1 and overall reduced FVC.
Moreover, Total Lung Capacity (TLC) remains relatively unchanged or may even increase in obstructive pulmonary diseases. TLC is the volume of air in the lungs at maximal inflation, consisting of inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, expiratory reserve volume, and residual volume.
The increased residual volume in emphysema, caused by air trapping, contributes to a higher TLC. However, this elevated TLC does not compensate for the decreased FVC and FEV, as these vital lung function parameters are more clinically relevant in assessing obstructive conditions. Therefore, the correct answer is e) Answers a and b are correct.