Final answer:
Tachycardia and vasoconstriction are characteristic responses in hypovolemic shock, which is typically induced by significant fluid loss and treated with intravenous fluids and medications to raise blood pressure.
Step-by-step explanation:
Tachycardia and vasoconstriction of skin, kidneys, and muscles occur in hypovolemic shock, typically induced by a falling blood volume. This type of shock is commonly caused by significant fluid loss, such as that due to hemorrhage, severe vomiting, or diarrhea. Affected individuals might present with a rapid heart rate, cool and clammy skin, and low blood pressure. The treatments usually involve the provision of intravenous fluids and medications such as dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine to raise blood pressure and combat the effects of the shock.