Final answer:
Extranuclear inheritance, or cytoplasmic inheritance, refers to the inheritance of genetic traits that are not controlled by genes located in the cell nucleus. LHON (Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy) is an example of a disease associated with extranuclear inheritance, as it is caused by a mutation in mitochondrial DNA.
Step-by-step explanation:
Extranuclear inheritance, also known as cytoplasmic inheritance, refers to the inheritance of genetic traits that are not controlled by genes located in the cell nucleus. One example of a disease associated with extranuclear inheritance is LHON (Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy), which is a mitochondrial disorder affecting the optic nerve. In LHON, the mutation is found in mitochondrial DNA and is passed down from the mother to her children. Unlike diseases caused by nuclear DNA mutations, which exhibit Mendelian inheritance patterns, diseases associated with extranuclear inheritance follow unique inheritance patterns due to the presence of mitochondria or other extranuclear organelles.