Final answer:
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are examples of neurological conditions that result from defects in microtubule transport, leading to protein malfunction and neuronal death.
Step-by-step explanation:
Two examples of neurological diseases that can result from defects in transport along microtubules in nerve cells are Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. In Alzheimer's disease, the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques occurs due to proteins not functioning correctly. This can disrupt microtubule transport leading to neuronal death. Parkinson's disease involves an increase in the protein alpha-synuclein which becomes toxic and affects neurons in the substantia nigra, impacting motor control. Both are part of a broader category of neurodegenerative diseases, which worsen over time and involve the death of neurons and deterioration of nervous system functioning.
Additionally, these conditions can affect patients' performance in neurological exams, showing deficits in memory, movement, or coordination. Research suggests that many neurodegenerative diseases are related in terms of degeneration processes and may be addressable with common therapies. However, the specific pathways and treatments for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are still under investigation.