Final answer:
The treatments for postpartum hemorrhage include uterine massage, oxytocin administration, and removal of retained placental fragments. These interventions control bleeding and support the process of uterine involution.
Step-by-step explanation:
The treatments for postpartum hemorrhage in multiple gestations include a combination of interventions that aim to control the bleeding and stabilize the mother. These treatments are:
- Uterine massage - manually stimulating the uterus to contract and reduce bleeding.
- Oxytocin administration - using this hormone to enhance uterine contractions, which is the primary hormone responsible for contractions during labor. This reduces blood loss from the site where the placenta was attached.
- Removal of retained placental fragments - ensuring that all pieces of the placenta have been expelled as retained fragments can prevent the uterus from contracting properly and cause continued bleeding.
Together, these treatments help advance involution, the process where the uterus returns to its pre-pregnancy size, and support the return of abdominal organs to their pre-pregnancy locations. Moreover, breastfeeding can facilitate this process by naturally increasing oxytocin levels, which encourages uterine contractions.