Final answer:
The substances that can be filtered through Bowman's capsule include water, salts, organic solids, and waste products. Large cells, nucleic acids, and other macromolecules cannot be filtered.
Step-by-step explanation:
The substances that can be filtered through Bowman's capsule include water, salts, organic solids such as nutrients, and waste products of metabolism such as urea. These substances pass into Bowman's capsule and then into the renal tubule.
On the other hand, large cells, nucleic acids, other macromolecules, peptides, and proteins cannot be filtered through Bowman's capsule.
It's important to note that the filtration process is regulated by fenestrations in capillary endothelial cells, podocytes with filtration slits, membrane charge, and the basement membrane between capillary cells, resulting in the creation of a filtrate that does not contain cells or large proteins.