Final answer:
The hormone overproduced in the described condition of hyperthyroidism is synthesized from tyrosine. Thus, the required component for the overproduced hormone in this medical scenario is tyrosine (C).
Step-by-step explanation:
The symptoms described by the 30-year-old female including a 15-pound weight loss over 1 month, heat intolerance, tachycardia, tremor, bilateral exophthalmos, and a mass in the anterior neck is suggestive of hyperthyroidism, likely due to Graves' disease. The hormone overproduced in this condition is thyroxine, which is synthesized from the amino acid tyrosine. In the context of the question, the required component for hormone production is tyrosine (C) because it is the precursor to the production of thyroid hormones, including thyroxine.