Question

What are proven risk factors for lung diseases, e.g., lung cancer?

a. Smoking
b. Air pollution
c. Occupational exposure to carcinogens
d. Family history of lung disease
e. All of the above

Answer 1

Smoking, air pollution, occupational exposure to carcinogens, and family history of lung disease are all proven risk factors for lung diseases, including lung cancer.

Step-by-step explanation:

The proven risk factors for lung diseases, including lung cancer, include:

1. Smoking: Tobacco smoke contains carcinogens that increase the risk of developing lung cancer.
2. Air pollution: Exposure to polluted air, both indoors and outdoors, can contribute to respiratory diseases.
3. Occupational exposure to carcinogens: Working in environments with carcinogens, such as asbestos or certain chemicals, can increase the risk of lung cancer.
4. Family history of lung disease: Having close biological relatives with lung cancer can also elevate the risk of developing the disease.

Therefore, option e. All of the above is the correct answer.