Final answer:
The landmark Supreme Court ruling involving a fetus's 'right to life' is Roe v. Wade, which declared that a woman's right to privacy includes the right to an abortion, particularly in the first trimester.
Step-by-step explanation:
The landmark Supreme Court ruling involving a fetus's 'right to life' that took place in Texas is Roe v. Wade. In this case, a pregnant woman from Texas, using the pseudonym 'Jane Roe,' appealed to the Supreme Court, arguing that the Constitution provides women the right to terminate an abortion. The Court's decision in 1973 declared that a woman's right to privacy includes the right to an abortion, particularly in the first trimester.