Final answer:
The U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Board of Education v. Earls established the legality of random drug testing for students in extracurricular activities without violating the Fourth Amendment.
Step-by-step explanation:
The importance of the U.S. Supreme Court's holding in the Board of Education of Independent School District No. 92 of Pottawatomie County, et al. v. Earls is that it established the legality of random drug testing for students participating in extracurricular activities.
This decision was made on the basis that such drug testing does not violate the Fourth Amendment, which protects against unreasonable searches and seizures.
The case, commonly referred to as Board of Education v. Earls, was decided in 2002 and has been a significant precedent in the area of student rights and school policy.