Final answer:
The most likely complication with oxygen administration in preterm newborns is Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP). It is essential to carefully monitor and adjust oxygen therapy to minimize the risk of ROP while treating Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) in preterm infants.
Step-by-step explanation:
Complication Associated with Oxygen Administration in a Preterm Newborn
The complication most likely associated with oxygen administration in a preterm newborn is Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP). ROP is a potentially blinding condition that primarily affects premature infants. Supplemental oxygen, which is administered to manage Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS), can disrupt the normal development of the retinae, leading to ROP. When managing RDS, medical practitioners strive to optimize oxygen therapy to maintain adequate tissue oxygenation while minimizing the risk of ROP.
Understanding Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)
RDS primarily occurs in infants born prematurely and results from insufficient production of pulmonary surfactant, which is necessary for lung inflation at birth. Without sufficient surfactant, the infant experiences dyspnea, and the gas exchange process is impeded, leading to low oxygen levels and the need for supplemental oxygen therapy.
Premature infants may receive interventions such as mechanical ventilation, application of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and the administration of pulmonary surfactant to manage RDS. While these treatments save lives, the administration of high concentrations of oxygen can lead to ROP, making it imperative to carefully monitor and adjust oxygen therapy.