Final answer:
The law that provides for the privacy of health information and prohibits the disclosure of personal records without consent is the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA).
Step-by-step explanation:
The law that gives privacy and the right to keep personal information from being disclosed, specifically in the context of health information, is the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). Enacted in 1996, HIPAA sets the standards for protecting patient information.
It requires entities that handle health information, such as insurance companies and healthcare providers, to maintain strict confidentiality of patient records. This means that without patient consent, disclosing a patient's medical information, such as to notify a sexual partner of a potential sexually transmitted disease, could potentially be a violation of HIPAA privacy rules.