Final answer:
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a condition where the blood flow out of the heart is reduced due to a build-up of plaque in the arteries of the heart.
Step-by-step explanation:
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a condition where the blood flow out of the heart is reduced due to a build-up of plaque (atherosclerosis) in the arteries of the heart. The plaque narrows the arteries, restricting the flow of blood and oxygen to the heart muscle. As a result, the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, leading to symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue.
Out of the options provided, the correct answer is D) Coronary artery disease. Hypertension (high blood pressure) and atherosclerosis (plaque build-up in arteries) are both risk factors for developing coronary artery disease, but they are not the specific condition in which the blood flow out of the heart is reduced.