Final answer:
A 'class action' and 'group litigation' are two terms commonly used instead of 'representative proceeding'. Both terms refer to legal actions where a group of people collectively bring a claim to court or are represented together in a lawsuit.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the context of legal terminology, two terms commonly used instead of 'representative proceeding' are class action and group litigation. A class action is a type of lawsuit where one of the parties is a group of people who are represented collectively by a member of that group. The concept is prevalent in the United States legal system, allowing a large number of individuals to collectively bring a claim to court when common issues of law or fact are involved. Group litigation, often a term used in the UK, refers to a similar process where multiple plaintiffs with similar claims against the same defendant are grouped together to prosecute or defend a lawsuit.
Understanding these terms is critical as the method of litigation can significantly affect the rights and obligations of the parties involved. For example, in a class action, potential plaintiffs are typically notified and have the option to join the class or opt out. Group litigation may require more active participation from its members. Ultimately, these proceedings seek to simplify legal processes and manage cases more efficiently by addressing common issues collectively.