Final answer:
The nurse should recommend vitamin D and calcium citrate supplements to the woman to prevent osteoporosis. Both nutrients are essential for maintaining bone health, with vitamin D aiding in calcium absorption and calcium being critical for bone strength. Dietary and lifestyle changes are also important for preventing the disease.
Step-by-step explanation:
To prevent osteoporosis, a disease characterized by decreased bone mass, it's crucial for a young, active woman to have a diet rich in calcium and vitamin D. These nutrients are essential for bone health, as calcium is the primary mineral found in bones and vitamin D is required for its absorption from the small intestine. High-calcium foods include dairy products like milk, yogurt, and cheese, as well as leafy greens, tofu, and fortified cereals. Since the body can synthesize vitamin D through exposure to sunlight, encouraging outdoor activities can also help. Additionally, weight-bearing exercises like running can stimulate bone density through mechanical stress on the bones.
Among the dietary supplement options presented, option C. D and calcium citrate is the recommendation most aligned with these nutritional needs. The inclusion of calcium citrate as a supplement can help increase the total calcium intake, and vitamin D supplementation is helpful, especially in regions with limited sunlight exposure or during winter months.
Eliminating controllable risk factors is also vital in preventing osteoporosis. Avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, as well as cutting down on carbonated beverages, are advisable lifestyle changes.