Final answer:
The cultivation theory suggests that media shapes public opinion by providing a reality for the viewers, which influences their perspective of the world. It differs from the minimal effects and hypodermic theories by highlighting media's role in norm setting and issue salience.
Step-by-step explanation:
The theory that posits media have a significant impact on public opinion and election outcomes by shaping a person's view of the world is called the cultivation theory. The cultivation theory suggests that the media provides a perceived reality, which becomes the norm for audiences through the content covered. It contrasts with the minimal effects theory, which argues that media has little impact on citizens and voters, and the hypodermic theory, which suggested that media messages are directly and fully absorbed by the audience.
Media's influence is complex and multifaceted. It can shape and frame events, creating a particular narrative that influences public perception. This process includes setting norms, influencing what issues are seen as important (salience), and affecting individual's opinions on various matters.