Final answer:
Complexity in software systems is handled through several strategies, with abstraction and software engineering principles being particularly important for reducing complexity and managing large-scale systems.
Step-by-step explanation:
Complexity in software systems is typically managed through a combination of different strategies and methodologies to ensure the software is maintainable, reliable, and scalable. While the options provided include various strategies, they address different aspects of software development:
- Abstraction is a key concept in software engineering that involves reducing complexity by hiding lower-level details, allowing developers to manage and work with complex systems by dealing with higher-level constructs.
- Testing is crucial for validating the functionality and performance of the software, helping to ensure that it behaves as intended and that bugs are identified and resolved.
- Pair Programming is a technique where two developers work together at one workstation, which can help improve software quality and reduce complexity by enabling continuous code review and collaboration.
- Software Engineering as a discipline encompasses a broad range of practices and principles that are applied to handle complexity, including design methods, project management, and applying engineering principles to software creation.