Final answer:
Quinolones should be taken orally without calcium-rich foods or dairy products, and not taken with antacids. Intravenous administration is used in certain healthcare settings. Oral intake is preferred when possible.
Step-by-step explanation:
Quinolones, also known as fluoroquinolones, should be administered orally but not with a calcium-rich meal or with dairy products, as calcium can interfere with the absorption of the medication. Instead, these medications should be taken with a glass of water and preferably on an empty stomach or at least 2 hours before or 4-6 hours after consuming calcium-rich foods or dairy. Antacids or products containing iron or magnesium should also be avoided around the time of taking fluoroquinolones. While these antibiotics can be given intravenously, especially in situations where patients cannot take oral medications (e.g., due to vomiting or when rapid therapeutic drug levels are needed), the oral route is generally preferred for its convenience when possible. Intramuscular administration is not a typical route for fluoroquinolones.
The fluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin (Cipro) and ofloxacin (Floxin), are broad-spectrum antibiotics effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Their mechanism of action involves the inhibition of bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which are essential for DNA replication.