Final answer:
The atonement response provided by John Wesley that addresses the transformation of the sinful nature is 'Regeneration', which signifies a spiritual rebirth and a new life in holiness.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to John Wesley, sinful nature has entered every person since the Fall of mankind in the Garden of Eden. The atonement response that provides a solution to the sinful nature is d) Regeneration. This concept describes the spiritual transformation and rebirth of a person, leading to a new life that overcomes the sinful nature through the grace of God. In contrast, the concept of predestination does not offer a solution for the sinful nature but rather asserts that salvation or d_amnation is predetermined by God, and imputation refers to the righteousness of Christ being credited to believers. Propitiation speaks to the appeasement of God's wrath through the sacrifice of Christ. However, it is regeneration that specifically addresses the transformation of one's sinful nature into a state of holiness.