Final answer:
Superior efficiency can be measured by time and cost, and quality and innovation. Other productivity measures include employee satisfaction and training effectiveness as found in a 2003 study analyzing organizational training impacts.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question at hand asks about two distinct ways to measure superior efficiency. Two appropriate measures of superior efficiency are time and cost, and quality and innovation. The former focuses on the ability to produce goods or provide services in a quick and cost-effective manner, while the latter emphasizes the importance of producing high-quality goods and services and the capacity to innovate and improve over time.
Beyond these measures, productivity can also be assessed by examining factors such as employee satisfaction and the effectiveness of training programs. As highlighted by the 2003 study by Arthur, Bennett, Edens, and Bell, these measures include the immediate response of employees to training, knowledge retention demonstrated by post-training assessments, supervisors' observations of behavioral changes, and the impacts on productivity and profits.