Final answer:
Nurses should educate patients with HIV on hand hygiene, the consistent use of condoms, avoiding the sharing of needles, and regular medication adherence to prevent infection in a home setting.
Step-by-step explanation:
During discharge education to prevent infection, a nurse will emphasize several aspects of self-care for a patient with HIV in the home setting. It is crucial to practice hand hygiene rigorously by washing hands frequently, especially before eating and after using the bathroom.
Additionally, safe sexual practices must be encouraged, which includes the consistent use of condoms to significantly reduce the risk of HIV transmission during sexual contact. Patients should also understand the importance of avoiding sharing needles or other injection equipment to prevent the transmission of HIV.
The patient should be educated about the modes of HIV transmission, emphasizing that casual day-to-day contact does not spread the virus. Lastly, ensuring regular medication adherence can maintain the health of the patient and reduce the viral load, decreasing the chance of transmission.