Final answer:
During the second stage of labor, the nurse instructs the patient to push with the contractions and may teach breathing techniques to manage pain and focus on delivering the baby. If labor stalls, Pitocin could be administered.
Step-by-step explanation:
Instructions for the Second Stage of Labor
The second stage of labor is marked by the full dilation of the cervix to about 10 cm, which allows for the expulsion of the baby from the uterus. During this stage, the nurse would instruct the patient to push with each contraction, utilizing the force of the abdominal muscles to aid in delivering the baby. It is crucial for effective pushing that the patient is informed of when to push and when to rest, coordinating with the natural contractions of the uterus. Breathing techniques can also be taught to manage discomfort and focus efforts. If needed, the administration of Pitocin could be considered to help maintain or enhance labor contractions, particularly if the labor progression stalls before the second stage is completely underway.