Final answer:
Performance on intelligence tests is a traditional but contested method for identifying gifted individuals. These tests have their value but also carry concerns regarding cultural bias and the narrow scope of abilities they assess. Moreover, historical research like Terman's study has shown that high-intelligence individuals often lead successful, well-adjusted lives.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding the Measure of Intelligence
Performance on intelligence tests is often debated as the sole measure for identifying the gifted. While historically IQ tests have been utilized for this purpose, the validity of these tests remains a contentious issue.
Intelligence can manifest in various forms, and conventional IQ tests may not wholly capture an individual's cognitive abilities. These tests traditionally focus on verbal, mathematical, and logical skills, but can disregard creative, practical, and social intelligence.
In educational and clinical settings, IQ tests are valuable for identifying children who require additional support due to learning differences. Practically, IQ testing can influence the determination of special circumstances in legal settings or in seeking disability benefits.
However, the issue of cultural fairness must be addressed, as illustrated by the case of Larry P. v. Riles, which highlighted the improper classification of African-American students based on biased testing.
Furthermore, Lewis Terman's longitudinal study on gifted children dispels myths about high intelligence being associated with maladjustment and physical frailty.
It shows that those with high IQs often become successful, well-adjusted adults. Thus, while IQ tests are a tool, the full spectrum of an individual's abilities and strengths may not be entirely reflected in the score.