Final answer:
John Maynard Keynes suggested that the government should actively plan the economy, an approach that forms the basis of Keynesian economics, which contrasts with the views of advocates like Friedrich Hayek for limited government intervention.
Step-by-step explanation:
John Maynard Keynes was a British economist who argued that the government should actively plan the economy rather than depending on free-market capitalism to do the job. His ideas, known as Keynesian economics, arose during the 1930s in response to the Great Depression, which exposed considerable vulnerabilities within a market-oriented economic system. Keynes and his followers advocated for a greater role of government in managing economic activity, suggesting that a high degree of government planning is necessary to stabilize the economy and reduce the effects of economic downturns. In contrast, economists such as Friedrich Hayek and Milton Friedman argued against extensive government intervention, with Friedman emphasizing a limited government role and Hayek warning that extensive planning could lead to a loss of individual freedom and potentially totalitarianism.