Final answer:
The student is asking for an adjective synonymous with being headstrong, obstinate, and premeditated, and the antonyms of such a trait. Willful or unyielding could be synonyms, while docile, obedient, and tractable are antonyms.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student is asking for synonyms and antonyms of an adjective that has qualities similar to being headstrong, obstinate, and premeditated, while the antonyms would be docile, obedient, and tractable. A possible word that could fit the description of having qualities such as being purposeful and stubborn is willful or unyielding.
Though premeditated is slightly different as it often relates to something that is planned in advance, it can still describe an action taken with resolute intention, which is also a characteristic of a headstrong individual. For example, in the provided sentences, the phrase, 'Disciplined and calm, to await the appearance of disorder and hubbub amongst the enemy:--this is the art of retaining self-possession.'
reflects a controlled and deliberate demeanor, opposite of headstrong impulsiveness. Similarly, the excerpt mentioning someone being 'Quarrelsome at all times' after a heated discussion represents a contentious nature, which could be seen as a synonym for being headstrong or obstinate.