Final answer:
Global warming refers to an observed increase in Earth's average surface temperature, notably by around 1.98 degrees Fahrenheit since the 1980s, largely due to human activities that have increased greenhouse gas concentrations. It is part of the wider issue of climate change and has far-reaching impacts on the environment and ecosystems. There is broad scientific consensus that humans are the main contributors to this phenomenon.
Step-by-step explanation:
The general increase in average global temperatures that has been recorded since the 1980s is referred to as global warming. This phenomenon has resulted in a temperature rise of approximately 1.98 degrees Fahrenheit during this period. Global warming is primarily attributed to human activities that have led to an increase in greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. The burning of fossil fuels since the Industrial Revolution has greatly contributed to this effect, leading to the enhanced greenhouse effect.
Global warming is a part of the broader concept of climate change, which includes not just variations in global temperatures, but also changes in weather patterns, sea levels, and other environmental effects. The impact of global warming is significant, as even small changes in Earth's temperature can alter habitats and the survival of organisms. Modern climate models forecast that average global temperatures could rise by an additional 0.3-4.8 degrees Celsius (0.5-8.6 degrees Fahrenheit) depending on future greenhouse gas emissions, with more pronounced warming over land and in the Arctic.
It is worth noting that there is a strong scientific consensus, with 97-98% of published climate researchers agreeing, that human activities are the leading cause of recent global warming. This view is also supported by national science academies worldwide and reflects the findings of numerous scientific studies.