Final answer:
All plants and animals undergo cellular respiration, a process that converts glucose into energy.
Step-by-step explanation:
All plants and animals use the process of cellular respiration to convert glucose and other nutrients into energy. While photosynthesis occurs in plants and some microorganisms to produce glucose and oxygen, cellular respiration occurs in all living organisms. This process includes both aerobic and anaerobic pathways. Fermentation, for example, is an anaerobic process used when oxygen is not available.
The shared starting material for both types of fermentation and aerobic respiration is glucose. In aerobic conditions, cellular respiration includes glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain, utilizing oxygen and producing CO2 and water.
During lactic acid fermentation, which can occur in animal skeletal muscles, glucose is converted into lactic acid without using oxygen.