Final answer:
The term associated with women gaining leadership roles in Arab countries is 'vertical mobility'. It represents movement within social hierarchies. Social stratification and intergenerational and horizontal mobility are different concepts not directly tied to this scenario.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term associated with the scenario where many women are taking business and governmental leadership roles in Arab countries is vertical mobility. Vertical mobility refers to the movement of an individual or group within a social hierarchy, which in this case includes women rising to positions of power and influence that were traditionally occupied by men. This movement can be upwards, reflecting an increase in socio-economic status or power, or downwards, which would indicate a loss in such status.
Social stratification represents the hierarchical organization within a society that creates divisions between different groups based on various factors such as race, economic status, or gender. However, the increased presence of women in leadership roles within Arab countries signifies the potential for a reorganization and disruption of the established stratified system, allowing more women to experience upward social mobility.
Intergenerational mobility and horizontal mobility are unrelated to this particular scenario. Intergenerational mobility refers to changes in social status between different generations within a family and horizontal mobility describes the movement within the same social level but perhaps between different occupations or regions.