Final answer:
The jury weighs evidence in a criminal trial to pass a verdict on the defendant's innocence or guilt. They deliberate in secret and must reach a unanimous decision, or otherwise, a mistrial may be declared. The judge oversees the trial and sentences the defendant if found guilty.
Step-by-step explanation:
During a criminal trial, the jury weighs all the evidence presented to the court, both for and against the defendant, and passes a final verdict regarding the defendant’s innocence or guilt. In the United States, the criminal justice system is designed to ensure a fair trial for individuals accused of committing crimes. The jury, a cornerstone of this system, plays the pivotal role of determining whether the prosecution has met its burden of proof and established, beyond a reasonable doubt, the guilt of the accused. The prosecution is required to present evidence and witness testimony to fulfill this burden of proof. In contrast, the defense's objective is to raise reasonable doubt concerning the accused's guilt.
Jurors pick a foreperson to guide their deliberations, which occur in private. During their discussions, they may request to review evidence or witness testimony transcripts. The decision they reach must be unanimous, although if a consensus cannot be reached, a mistrial may be declared. The judge presides over the proceedings, provides instructions to the jury, and determines the sentence if the defendant is found guilty, though in some jurisdictions the jury may decide the sentence.
Most individuals accused of a crime opt for a plea bargain rather than a jury trial. This decision reflects various factors, such as overwhelming evidence or the opportunity to receive a reduced sentence. This system is upheld by the Sixth Amendment, which guarantees the right to a jury trial, ensuring protection against potential abuses by the legal system by bringing together twelve impartial jurors who deliberate on the case sans prejudices.