Final answer:
The most direct contrast to Chakravarti's lecture audience would be the rise of nationalism in the 19th century, as it emphasized a singular, dominant culture usually associated with European powers, whereas Chakravarti's perspective acknowledges diverse cultural influences.
Step-by-step explanation:
A historian analyzing Chakravarti's lecture would most likely argue that the significant audience contrast corresponds to the rise of nationalism and its influence on regional identities (B) when considering the 19th-century developments. This would show the most direct contrast because, in the 19th century, the promotion and the spread of nationalism often went hand-in-hand with the idea of a singular, dominant culture, typically reflecting the interests and identity of the ruling powers, which were primarily European nations.
While Chakravarti's lecture would appeal to a diverse audience with an intercultural mindset, 19th-century nationalism was more exclusive, supporting the idea that each nation had a unique and superior culture. The 19th century was marked by the profound changes brought about by Industrialization, the spread of Enlightenment ideals, and the colonial expansion of European powers. Although the Industrial Revolution and Enlightenment ideals influenced education systems and technological progress, the rise of nationalism and the shaping of regional identities created a direct opposition to this diverse and nuanced understanding of history and culture presented by Chakravarti.