Final answer:
The U.S. Constitution names the Vice President as the President of the Senate and allows for the election of a President Pro Tempore. Other leadership roles like Majority and Minority Leaders are not specified in the Constitution but have become essential in the Senate's operation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The only specific leadership roles in the Senate named by the U.S. Constitution are the Vice President, who serves as the President of the Senate, and the President Pro Tempore. The Vice President's role is mainly ceremonial; they cast votes only in the case of a tie. The Constitution allows the Senate to choose a President Pro Tempore to preside over the Senate in the absence of the Vice President, a role that is traditionally given to the most senior senator of the majority party.
While not mentioned in the Constitution, other important leadership roles such as the Majority and Minority Leaders have developed over time and play crucial roles in the Senate. The Majority Leader is considered the most powerful position in the Senate, taking on responsibilities similar to the Speaker of the House, though they operate in a more cooperative manner with the Minority Leader due to the Senate's traditions of unlimited debate and filibuster.