Final answer:
In the mid 20th century, African regions sought independence from European colonial powers. This movement was a complex process influenced by the consequences of arbitrary colonial borders, nationalist movements, and global political changes post-World War II, leading to the eventual decolonization and emergence of independent nations across the continent.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the mid-1900s, many parts of Africa sought independence from European countries. The transition from colonies to independent nations was marked by struggles for self-determination and was influenced by a variety of factors, including the legacies of the Berlin Conference and the aftermath of World Wars. African nationalism gained momentum post-World War II, as seen in movements such as the Malagasy Revolt in Madagascar and the Algerian War for independence. The first country to gain independence in Sub-Saharan Africa was Ghana in 1957, while other regions, like South Africa, fought against apartheid for their freedom.
Europe's late 19th-century Scramble for Africa had led to the arbitrary drawing of national boundaries, contributing to ongoing turmoil. The colonial powers had set up the African continent for exploitation without considering the indigenous populations. Independent African nations faced challenges in developing infrastructure and political systems following their liberation from colonial rule. However, in many cases, this transition also led to stronger political structures and a push towards democratic liberties.
Despite substantial challenges, the fight for self-determination in Africa emphasized the importance of autonomy and revealed the colonialists' moral shortcomings. African contributions to World War I and their experiences abroad played significant roles in reinforcing their desire for independence. The resulting national independence movements were influenced by worldwide political shifts and a universal desire for self-governance, which eventually led many African colonies to become independent nations after World War II.