Final answer:
The correct answer is option d) All of the above.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, a combination of antibiotics, is known for its effective treatment of various infections. This synergistic duo works by inhibiting the bacterial folic acid synthesis pathway, which is crucial for bacterial cell proliferation. The combination is used for the treatment of a variety of infections, including respiratory infections, urinary tract infections (UTIs), and skin infections.
Individually, both trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole act as bacteriostatic antimicrobial agents, but when combined, they exhibit a bactericidal effect, which means they can kill the bacteria rather than just inhibiting its growth.
Specifically, this antibiotic combination is effective against a UTI caused by E. coli, a wound infection caused by S. aureus, and respiratory infections. It is important to note, however, that due to its effects on folic acid synthesis, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim should be used with caution during early pregnancy, as it may pose risks to fetal development.