Final answer:
Memory chips are crash hardened components in electronic devices.
Step-by-step explanation:
The crash-hardened component is the Memory chips.
Crash hardening refers to designing electronic components to withstand physical shock and vibration. It ensures that the components can continue to function properly even in extreme conditions such as accidents or falls, where the device may experience impacts and vibrations.
Although the other components listed - Microphone, GPS receiver, and Battery - are essential for the overall functioning of a device, Memory chips are typically crash hardened because they store important data that needs to be preserved even in the event of a crash or impact.
The component that is crash hardened is typically the memory chips. These are designed to be durable and protect critical data in the event of an accident, particularly in the case of airline black boxes, which use crash-hardened memory systems to preserve flight data and cockpit voice recordings. Crash hardening is a form of ruggedization where components are designed to survive intense impact and heat that might occur during a crash.