Final answer:
To examine the percent coverage of coral species across the 18m² transect of the reef, multiple quadrats are needed. The specific number of quadrats required depends on the size and variability of the area being studied. The options provided in the question are not sufficient.
Step-by-step explanation:
In order to examine the percent coverage of the coral species across the 18m² covered during the transect of the reef, we need to use quadrats. Quadrats are square frames that are used to sample a specific area. By placing several quadrats randomly across the transect, we can estimate the percent coverage of coral species in the entire area. The number of quadrats needed depends on the size and variability of the area being studied.
In this case, the question does not provide information about the size or variability of the area, so we cannot determine the exact number of quadrats needed. However, as a general rule, a minimum of 20 quadrats is recommended to obtain a reliable estimate of percent coverage. Therefore, the given options of A) 18, B) 9, C) 36, or D) 4 are not sufficient.