Final answer:
Polysaccharides are carbohydrates made of monosaccharides and serve as energy storage and structural materials. Polypeptides are chains of amino acids that form proteins, serving as enzymes and structural components.
Step-by-step explanation:
Polysaccharides, polypeptides, and polynucleotides are all types of large biomolecules, but they are made up of different types of monomers and serve different functions in biological systems.
Polysaccharides are long chains made up of monosaccharide units, such as glucose, joined by glycosidic linkages. Examples include starch, glycogen, and cellulose. These molecules are important in energy storage and structural support.
Polypeptides are molecules composed of amino acid residues linked together by peptide bonds. Chains of less than 50 amino acids are known as peptides, while those with more than 50 are typically referred to as proteins, which perform a variety of functions including acting as enzymes, structural components, and signaling molecules.
Polynucleotides consist of nucleotide monomers linked together through phosphate diester bonds. DNA and RNA are examples of polynucleotides that play crucial roles in genetic information storage and transfer.