Final answer:
Precision is about the agreement and consistency between multiple measurements, whereas accuracy relates to how close a measurement is to the true value. The correct answer is option d.
Step-by-step explanation:
Precision, by definition, relates to the reproducibility and consistency of measurements - how closely multiple measurements agree with each other under the same conditions. Therefore, options (a) reproducibility of measurements, (b) agreement among numerical values, and (c) sameness of measurements all are aspects of precision.
However, option (d) closeness of a measurement to an accepted value describes accuracy, not precision. Accuracy is about how close a measurement is to the true or accepted value, which might not be related to the consistency between repeated measurements, the key factor for precision.
For instance, if an archer consistently hits the same spot on a target, their shots are precise. However, if that spot is not the bullseye, the shots are not accurate. When making repeated measurements with paper. But if the true length is 12 in., the measurements, despite being precise, are not accurate.