Final answer:
It is true that bloat in dogs is caused by air and fluid buildup in the stomach. However, it is false that the distended belly in kwashiorkor results from the stomach expanding due to lack of food; it is due to fluid accumulation from protein deficiency.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that bloat in dogs is caused by air and fluid accumulation in the stomach, resulting in distention and swelling, is true. Bloat, or gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV), is a serious condition that can be life-threatening and requires immediate veterinary attention. Bloat occurs when the stomach fills with air, fluid, or foam, making it expand. The stomach can also twist on itself, which cuts off blood flow and prevents gas from escaping.
For the second part of the question, it is false that a diet with enough energy but deficient in protein can result in kwashiorkor, which is a form of undernutrition. Kwashiorkor is due to protein deficiency with adequate caloric intake. The distended belly seen in kwashiorkor sufferers is not because of the stomach expanding due to lack of food, but rather due to edema or fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity, which is a result of low albumin levels caused by protein deficiency.