Final answer:
Birds moving to new locations due to food shortage are engaging in a behavior called migration. This behavior is common among various animal groups and often involves traveling long distances to regions with more abundant resources.
Step-by-step explanation:
When birds move in large numbers to new locations due to the scarcity of food and arrive in the new location, it is known as a migration. Migration is a widespread behavior found in various groups of animals, including birds, fish, and mammals. For instance, each fall, many birds travel substantial distances to warmer regions with adequate food supplies and then return to their breeding grounds in the spring. This type of movement can range from thousands of miles, such as with geese flying south for the winter, to vertical migrations like elk ascending mountains during the thaw. Notable examples include the annual 1800-mile journey of wildebeests in search of new grasslands and the migration of emperor penguins documented in the film, 'March of the Penguins'.