Final answer:
A queue for public housing typically allocates housing to those on waiting lists who are usually in need based on income. Public housing historically was meant to provide affordable living options for lower-income families. Social Security and Medicare primarily assist the elderly with health coverage and financial support.
Step-by-step explanation:
The allocation of housing is often determined by specific criteria and can target various segments of the population. In the case of public housing, as the historical context suggests, these dwellings were initially intended for lower-income families to alleviate overcrowding and provide affordable housing. Therefore, a queue for public housing allocates housing primarily A) to those whose names are on waiting lists, which generally includes individuals and families who demonstrate a need based on their income level.
The principles mentioned, such as fair equality of opportunity and the greatest benefit for the least advantaged, imply that the allocation of public resources, including housing, should aim to support and enhance the lives of the disadvantaged. Thus, providing housing to those on waiting lists aligns with the ethical and social goal of supporting those in greatest need, rather than on the basis of wealth or luck.
When discussing Social Security and Medicare, these are programs known for their assistance to D) the elderly, as they provide health coverage and financial support during retirement years. While these programs may also benefit others, such as individuals with disabilities, their primary focus is on older adults who have left the workforce.