Final answer:
After World War I, the major changes in Europe and the Middle East included the end of empires and rise of new nation-states, redrawing of borders leading to new countries, and the growth of nationalist movements.
Step-by-step explanation:
After World War I, Europe and the Middle East underwent significant political, territorial, and ideological changes. Three of these changes include:
- The dissolution of imperial powers: The Russian Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the Ottoman Empire disintegrated, leading to the rise of new nation-states.
- Re-drawing of national boundaries: Treaties, most notably the Treaty of Versailles, redefined borders, creating several new countries and altering the political landscape of Europe and the Middle East drastically.
- Nationalist movements: The rhetoric of self-determination spurred the growth of nationalist movements, reshaping the ideologies and governance of emerging nations.
In addition to these changes, Middle Eastern territories previously under Ottoman control were divided into mandates managed by France and Great Britain, overlooking ethnic complexities. These mandates would later form the borders of modern-day countries. Furthermore, the war's end marked a shift in global power dynamics, influencing the birth of the League of Nations and leading to a struggle for independence in various parts of the world.