Final answer:
The brachiocephalic artery is the branch of the aortic arch supplying blood to the right upper extremities through the right subclavian artery.
Step-by-step explanation:
The branch of the aortic arch that provides blood supply to the right upper extremities is known as the brachiocephalic artery. This single vessel is the first to branch off from the aortic arch on the right side of the body, giving rise to the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery. The right subclavian artery is responsible for supplying blood to the right arm, chest, shoulders, back, and parts of the central nervous system.
As the subclavian artery travels out of the thorax and into the axillary region, it is renamed the axillary artery. Farther along, as it enters the upper arm, it becomes known as the brachial artery. This artery continues into the forearm as the radial and ulnar arteries, leading to the superficial and deep palmar arches that supply blood to the hand and digital arteries for the digits.