Final answer:
Urbanization results in environmental impacts such as traffic congestion, water scarcity, natural resource degradation, and exposure to pollution, all of which contribute to climate change and health risks.
Step-by-step explanation:
Four key environmental impacts of urbanization include:
- Traffic congestion and associated air pollution due to the necessity of cars in urban layouts, leading to an increase in greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide.
- Water scarcity and poor water resource management, particularly in urban areas with high population density, leading to challenged sustainability.
- Natural resource degradation, including habitat loss due to land clearing for development, which leads to a reduction in biodiversity.
- Exposure to pollution from industrial and vehicular sources, which contaminates the air, soil, and water, posing health risks to urban residents.