Final answer:
In organic vine growing, fungal control uses entomopathogenic fungi, plant disease control agents, beneficial nematodes, bio-derived chemicals, botanical pesticides, minerals, and insect pheromones. Agents such as Bacillus subtilis, neem oil, and Spinosad are key products. All materials must be used responsibly to minimize impact on the environment and non-target organisms.
Step-by-step explanation:
The main products used for fungal control in organic vine growing include various biopesticides, spray oils, bio-derived chemicals, botanical pesticides, minerals, and insect pheromones. Entomopathogenic fungi such as Beauveria bassiana, Isaria fumosorosea, and others are used to control insect pests. Additionally, plant disease control agents like Bacillus subtilis help in managing plant pathogens.
For pest control, beneficial nematodes and viruses like the Cydia pomonella granulovirus are also used. Spray oils derived from vegetables or animals function as suffocating oils and surfactants. The bio-derived chemicals such as pyrethrum, neem oil, and various essential oils are natural substances that manage pests and microbial diseases. Botanical pesticides, made from plants, are used with care due to nonselectivity. Minerals like sulfur and copper are permissible with restrictions. Other tools such as insect pheromones and fermentation products like Spinosad serve as organic pesticides.