Final answer:
When a stressor is frequent and long-lasting, it leads to chronic stress, causing the body to enter a stage of exhaustion, potentially resulting in psychophysiological disorders, immune suppression, and serious illnesses.
Step-by-step explanation:
Effects of Prolonged Stress
When a stressor occurs frequently and starts to last longer, the body enters a state of chronic stress. Initially, in the alarm stage, the physiological response is beneficial, preparing us to deal with threats. However, with prolonged exposure, the organism progresses to the stage of resistance, where the body adapts but remains on high alert. As this continues, the stage of exhaustion ensues, depleting the body's ability to cope. This can lead to psychophysiological disorders, suppression of the immune response, and an increase in illnesses such as heart attacks or mental health issues like depression and PTSD.
Chronic stress subjects the body to sustained physiological reactions, causing wear and tear similar to overusing a household appliance. High levels of cortisol from chronic stress can weaken the immune system, making one more susceptible to infections and diseases. Stress can even affect the progression of physical illnesses and contribute to psychological disorders. It is imperative that stressors are managed and mitigated to prevent these long-term health consequences.