Final answer:
Colored glass filters selectively transmit certain wavelengths, unlike neutral density filters which reduce the intensity of all wavelengths uniformly.
Step-by-step explanation:
Short and long pass filtering with colored (colloidal) glass filters do not affect all wavelengths equally, unlike neutral density filters. Colored glass filters are designed to transmit certain wavelengths of light while blocking others, which is determined by the color of the glass filter itself. This is in contrast to neutral density filters that uniformly attenuate light across all wavelengths without changing the color composition of the light.
For example, astronomy uses colored glass filters named U (ultraviolet), B (blue), and V (visual, for yellow) to measure stellar brightness at specific wavelengths such as 360 nm, 420 nm, and 540 nm, respectively. These filters are selective in the wavelengths they transmit, which is used to calculate things like the color index in astronomical observations.