Question

List the eight general characteristics and properties that make solvents effective. Pick two of the eight and explain how that characteristic/property would make a solvent hazardous.

Answer 1

Solvents have general characteristics that make them effective, including polarity and solubility. Two hazardous properties of solvents are volatility and flammability.

Step-by-step explanation:

A solvent is a substance that dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution. Solvents have several general characteristics and properties that make them effective:

1. Polarity: The polarity of a solvent determines its ability to dissolve polar solutes. Polar solvents have a positive and negative end, which allows them to interact with polar solutes through attractions like hydrogen bonding. Examples of polar solvents are water and ethanol.
2. Solubility: The solubility of a solvent refers to its ability to dissolve solutes. It is influenced by factors such as temperature, pressure, and the nature of the solute and solvent. For example, gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide are more soluble in water than in non-polar solvents.

Two hazardous properties of solvents can be related to these characteristics:

1. Volatile: Some solvents have high vapor pressures, meaning they evaporate readily at room temperature. This can pose health and safety risks if inhaled. For example, organic solvents like toluene and acetone can cause respiratory issues.
2. Flammable: Some solvents are highly flammable, meaning they can easily catch fire or explode. This can be a hazardous property because it increases the risk of fire accidents. Examples of flammable solvents are gasoline and ethanol.